What is Linux? and What are Linux Systems Used For?

What is Linux?

Linux began in 1980's as an effort to create a free Unix-like operating system. The project was called GNU and was run by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) created by Richard Stallman. Development began with system tools such as editors, a compiler and hundreds of other utilities. By early 1990's most of the components were written, but the operating system was missing a kernel. Coincidentally, Linux Thorvaldsen of Helsinki University had been working on a Unix-based kernel – the first version was

Completed in 1994.

• A multitasking, multi-user operating system.
• Informally refers to the operating system as well as the standard tools and applications distributed with it.
• Specifically, Linux refers to the kernel which forms the core of the operating system.
• The kernel is distributed with indispensable utilities and applications, such as compilers, editors, command interpreters, etc.
• Most Linux software distributed under the GNU general public license (GPL).

What are Linux Systems Used For?

Linux systems often used for back end services:

• Web servers, database servers, file servers, mail servers, ftp servers, firewalls, routers, print servers...

Linux is slowly moving onto the desktop:

• Desktop, office suites, graphics manipulation

Growing commercial interest in Linux-based computing:

• Reliable, secure IT systems.
• Cost-effective solutions.
• Support from traditional Unix companies such as Sun, HP, IBM, Novell.